What does "electrical isolation" refer to?

Electrical isolation refers to the separation of circuits to prevent interactions between them. This involves ensuring that different electrical systems or components operate independently without interference. Isolation is crucial in various applications to enhance safety, avoid ground loops, protect sensitive electronics from surges, and reduce noise from one circuit affecting another.

In many cases, isolation can be achieved through the use of transformers, opto-isolators, or physical separation of components. This ensures that high voltages, for example, do not inadvertently affect lower voltage sensitive circuits, thereby protecting devices and maintaining functionality without risk of damage. The concept is foundational in electrical engineering, emphasizing the importance of maintaining distinct pathways for electrical energy while minimizing unwanted effects.